Welcome
One day you might need to know:
Hemotytic disease of the newborn Anti KEL antibodies
The antibodies can be naturally occurring such as anti-A, and anti-B, or immune antibodies developed following a sensitizing event. Isoimmunization occurs when the maternal immune system is sensitized to red blood cell surface antigens.
(Lydia’s stillborn 29weeker with lower spinal bifida may qualify – or was it the blood transfusions after losing 2 litres?
(OR – Her husband MAY be a carrier – do not know) .. .Anti-Kell is a condition in which the antibodies in a pregnant woman’s blood cross the placenta and destroy her baby’s red blood cells, resulting in severe anemia. This condition results when there is a mismatch between a mother’s and baby’s blood group Kell antigens.
Kell antigens are important in transfusion medicine, autoimmune hemolytic anemia and hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-Kell). Anti-K is the next most common immune red cell antibody after those in the ABO and Rh system. Anti-K typically presents as IgG class alloantibody. Individuals lacking a specific Kell antigen may develop antibodies against Kell antigens when transfused with blood containing that antigen. This is particularly true for the “K” antigen which shows a relatively high antigenicity and moderately low frequency (~9%) in Caucasian populations. Anti-K can also occur following transplacental hemorrhage (TPH) associated with childbirth making Kell an important concern for hemolytic disease of the newborn. Following the formation of anti-K, subsequent blood transfusions may be marked by destruction of the new cells by these antibodies, a process known as hemolysis. Anti-K does not bind complement, therefore hemolysis is extravascular. Individuals without K antigens(K0) who have formed an antibody to a K antigen, must be transfused with blood from donors who are also K0 to prevent hemolysis.
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) occurs when the body produces an antibody against a blood group antigen on its own red blood cells. The antibodies lead to destruction of the red blood cells with resulting anemia. Similarly, a pregnant woman may develop antibodies against fetal red blood cells, resulting in destruction, anemia, and hydrops fetalis in a process known as hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). Both AIHA and HDN may be severe when caused by anti-Kell antibodies,[9] as they are the most immunogenic antigens after those of the ABO and Rhesus blood group systems.
The Kell blood group system is complex and contains many antigens that are highly immunogenic. These antigens are the third most potent, after those of the ABO and Rh blood groups, at triggering an immune reaction.
Antibodies that target Kell antigens can cause transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). In the case of HDN, ABO and Rh incompatibility are more common causes. However, disease caused by maternal anti-ABO tends to be mild, and disease caused by maternal anti-Rh can largely be prevented. The infrequent cases of HDN caused by Kell immunization tend to result in severe fetal anemia because maternal anti-Kell target fetal red blood cell (RBC) precursors, suppressing the fetal production of RBCs.
CASE
Lydia (38) is 4 1/2 weeks pregnant (with youngest – 10.5 months) just off the breast and onto bottle (community milk bank). as bub is and she lost last pregnancy – last month at 4 1/2 weeks. . . BBT is 36.4 C and her hair is falling out and she knows she needs to be in a better state – hence stopping b/f.
Rang me for help . . Progesterone, thyroid meds (she is now on pregnelenlone) and Blood tonics. . .
Acup – Shock (all sorts of family shunning issues) R St 24, bil Liv 2, Ki 9and at the very end – bil Ki 6 – itching/prickly feet in the day time. Dry lips . . . Adhesion breaking at the end after lymph drainage.
Top scar
Self moxa scar – her husband is legally blind – thus trying to help herself – on a plump post baby belly.
Bottom –
2 C scars – belly feels very different above and below the scars – and on top
Tongue
Not quite in focus and is different lighting.
Tongue crack.
Pale, fluting edges, bit very vibrant
She left happy
- 4 .00 -Magnesium diaspora – best birth ever – she puts it down to this – given last few weeks.
- 6.00 – the context – life at the community
- 8.20 – losing 22 grandchildren in one year . .
- 9.00 – the actual issue – not making QUALITY – Jing (CLICK)
- 10. 00 – Smell a rose.
- 11.30 – Losses this year for Lydia . .
- 12.20 – three circles. . . . hair falling out ??losing baby . . BLOOD energy (CLICK
- 13.20 – BBT too low What we make hormones with
- 18.50 – What herbs – Chinese herbs – Pro Creation D and Dang Gui 4 and Dang Gui Xao Yao San . .(DG and Paeonia)
- 21 – awkward – guard your heart
- 22 20 – Why using what Blood tonic herb?
- Comparing DG 4, DGXY San and Ginseng and Longan (Gui Pi Tang) and Ginseng and Zizyphus)
- 30.00 – Thyroid working badly why?
- 30.15 – IVF to get bubs. . .and then discovered ‘old wives tales’ – retroverted womb ease of conception
- 36 – Broken tailbones too. .