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What is functional neurologic disorder?
Likely you have not heard of this: a new diagnosis for totally traumatisied
Functional neurologic disorder (FND) refers to a neurological condition caused by changes in how brain networks work, rather than changes in the structure of the brain itself, as seen in many other neurological disorders. Physical symptoms of FND are genuine but cannot be explained by changes in the brain structure. The exact cause of FND is unknown.
FND symptoms may include:
- Seizure-like episodes
- Movement problems
- Problems with cognitive function
- Dizziness
- Speech difficulties, such as sudden onset of stuttering or trouble speaking
- Problems with vision or hearing
- Pain (including chronic migraine)
- Extreme slowness and fatigue
- Numbness or inability to sense touch
FND can cause multiple symptoms that significantly interfere with how a person functions and copes with daily life. Symptoms of FND are not intentionally produced and can involve any part of the body. Symptoms may appear suddenly, increase with attention to them, and decrease when the person is distracted.
Brain imaging (like MRI and CT scans) and other neurological tests are often normal in a person with FND. However, research studies that have used functional neuroimaging and neurophysiology (both of which focus on how the brain works rather than what it looks like) have demonstrated changes in that the connections between different regions of the brain in people with FND. In FND, the brain is unable to send and receive signals properly. Additionally, the sense of agency or that one is controlling one’s own actions, is impaired. Many research studies have showed that people with FND have increased activity in limbic system, which deals with emotions and behaviors, resulting in problems with regulating emotion and responding to stress.
There are many types of FND, with a diverse mix and range of neurologic symptoms. For some people, symptoms are short-lived. In others, they may last for years.
The two most common categories of FND are functional or dissociative seizures (also known as psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES), and functional movement disorder. As in – body not under your control . .and this is not a jabb injury . .
Functional seizures
Functional tremor
Functional dystonia
Functional gait disorder
Functional facial spasm
Functional tics
Functional jerks and twitches
Functional drop attacks
Functional sensory symptoms
Functional cognitive symptoms
Functional speech and swallowing difficulties
Persistent postural perceptual dizziness (PPPD)
Functional visual symptoms
Dissociative symptoms